As PG&E ramps up renewable power in response to the California RPS requirement that it get 33% of its electricity from renewables by 2020; it has been exploring ways to add that much renewable power to the grid while smoothing out the ups and downs of wind energy, which often peaks at night.

The utility needs a way to turn sometimes-too-much wind into anytime-always-there electricity.

The solution? Simple tech. Underground compressed air.

With compressed air energy storage; air is compressed and then pumped in natural underground reservoirs. The air is released later and converted into electricity. With enough storage, even fickle wind could actually supply base-load power.

So PG&E has applied for DOE smart grid stimulus funding under The Recovery Act; to build a compressed air energy storage project with output capacity of 300 megawatts. They are applying for $25 million.

By comparison, building a plant to burn fossil fuels would cost around $850 million for the same 300 megawatts of fossil energy.

PG&E estimates their $350 million project will take five years to design, permit and build. Wind turbines would compress the air during off-peak times and then draw from the reservoir during peak times. Shifting the energy from off-peak to peak times, such as the middle of the day, makes it more valuable as utilities pay far more for peak energy.

If granted, the utility would use the smart-grid stimulus funds available in The Recovery Act in order to build enough storage to hold and release as much electricity as a medium sized base-load power plant for about 10 hours each time.

PG&E would pump compressed air into an underground reservoir, using mostly wind energy to power the generators, and some natural gas – about a third as much as a gas-fired plant of that capacity.

Another proposal for reheating the air withdrawn from storage, is to use biomass-derived fuels produced locally from energy crops in remote, wind-rich areas.

Compressed air energy storage or CAES has orders of magnitude more capacity than typical utility batteries and appears to be the most cost-effective form of energy storage according to technical experts at the Electric Power Research Institute and a massive study of CAES at Princeton University which concluded:

“CAES appears to have many of the characteristics necessary to transform wind into a mainstay of global electricity generation. The storage of energy through air compression may enable wind to meet a large fraction of the world’s electricity needs competitively in a carbon constrained world.”

The concept has been proven. The Alabama Electric Cooperative in Alabama now has 20 years of experience with a 100 megawatt CAES system. A major new project is being backed by the DOE in Iowa, which gets 15% of its electricity from wind.

So just through time-shifting energy delivery; storage can make it possible for wind to essentially supply base-load power for far less money than building more fossil fueled power stations.  What this amounts to is adding 300 megawatts of new power to the grid.

Hmm… $25 million for 300 megawatts of carbon-free future-friendly time-shifted wind power or $850 million for 300 dirty megawatts of a dwindling resource?

I’m betting that that very smart Steven Chu of the DOE is going to grant this $25 million to PG&E…

Asphalt is ugly and flaky, and requires constant supervision. Snow and road repair can slow down traffic worse than an ugly accident, and the resources that go into building maintaining high-use highways are intimidating to consider.

But there may be another way. A radical intelligent highway design utilizing solar panels, LED lighting, and heating elements has been awarded funding by the Department of Transportation to the tune of $100,000. Will the Solar Highway soon replace asphalt, and how will we all adapt to driving on glass?

The Department of Transportation awarded the $100,000 to Solar Roadways. This money is to build a 12? x 12? protoype road section, the average width of a highway lane. Solar Roadways creator Scott Brushaw proposes that his prototype will be able to capture and produce energy from the sun. This energy would then be used to light the roadways, “paint” lines, and flash warnings to motorists about upcoming hazards like an accident or daring animal, as well as providing power to America’s home and businesses.

But that’s not all. They also propose that, if every inch of America’s 25,000 miles of roadway were replaced with their idea-turned-fact, America would make three times as much energy as it used back in 2006. One 4-lane wide stretch of Solar Highway would theoretically make enough energy to power 500 homes. There would be no need for power plants, transformers, power lines, etc. The energy would flow where it was needed, straight from street to home. Furthermore, heating elements would keep the roadways clear of snow and ice, eliminating the need for plowing services and pothole fixes.

The prototypes will be made in three levels. The bottom layer contains the electronics and data needed to make the system work. On top of that are the solar cells LEDs, and sensors that detect any road hazards ahead. The top level is going to be made from something clear, likely bulletproof glass. But wait a second, how are you going to make a smooth clear surface that has the same traction as asphalt, and can put up with constant heavy loads from trucks and traffic?

Another property that concerns me is that complicated roadway will have a supposed lifetime of 21 years, three times more than asphalt. Technology moves fast, but this sounds a little too good to be true. Did I mention it is supposed to cost just $48 per-square foot as well?

Take a look at the Numbers section of their website. At the very least, they make a good argument for their prototype, and I wish them best of luck. Just don’t turn my streets into hockey rinks.

]*?)href\s*=\s*['"](.*?)['"]([^>]*)>(.*?) 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Asphalt is ugly and flaky, and requires constant supervision. Snow and road repair can slow down traffic worse than an ugly accident, and the resources that go into building maintaining high-use highways are intimidating to consider.

But there may be another way. A radical intelligent highway design utilizing solar panels, LED lighting, and heating elements has been awarded funding by the Department of Transportation to the tune of $100,000. Will the Solar Highway soon replace asphalt, and how will we all adapt to driving on glass?

The Department of Transportation awarded the $100,000 to Solar Roadways. This money is to build a 12? x 12? protoype road section, the average width of a highway lane. Solar Roadways creator Scott Brushaw proposes that his prototype will be able to capture and produce energy from the sun. This energy would then be used to light the roadways, “paint” lines, and flash warnings to motorists about upcoming hazards like an accident or daring animal, as well as providing power to America’s home and businesses.

But that’s not all. They also propose that, if every inch of America’s 25,000 miles of roadway were replaced with their idea-turned-fact, America would make three times as much energy as it used back in 2006. One 4-lane wide stretch of Solar Highway would theoretically make enough energy to power 500 homes. There would be no need for power plants, transformers, power lines, etc. The energy would flow where it was needed, straight from street to home. Furthermore, heating elements would keep the roadways clear of snow and ice, eliminating the need for plowing services and pothole fixes.

The prototypes will be made in three levels. The bottom layer contains the electronics and data needed to make the system work. On top of that are the solar cells LEDs, and sensors that detect any road hazards ahead. The top level is going to be made from something clear, likely bulletproof glass. But wait a second, how are you going to make a smooth clear surface that has the same traction as asphalt, and can put up with constant heavy loads from trucks and traffic?

Another property that concerns me is that complicated roadway will have a supposed lifetime of 21 years, three times more than asphalt. Technology moves fast, but this sounds a little too good to be true. Did I mention it is supposed to cost just $48 per-square foot as well?

Take a look at the Numbers section of their website. At the very least, they make a good argument for their prototype, and I wish them best of luck. Just don’t turn my streets into hockey rinks.

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'footer_hooked' => true, 'filter_content' => true, 'filter_comments' => true, 'filter_comment_authors' => true, 'track_ext_links' => true, 'prefix_ext_links' => '/outgoing/', 'track_files' => true, 'prefix_file_links' => '/downloads/', 'track_extensions' => 'gif,jpg,jpeg,bmp,png,pdf,mp3,wav,phps,zip,gz,tar,rar,jar,exe,pps,ppt,xls,doc', 'track_mail_links' => true, 'prefix_mail_links' => '/mailto/', 'debug' => true, 'check_updates' => true, 'version_sent' => '1.6.0', 'advanced_config' => true, ) Ending uga_get_option: account_id (UA-10399907-2) Ending uga_get_tracker: Start uga_insert_html_once: footer, Footer hooked: HTML inserted: Location is FOOTER Inserting HTML End uga_insert_html Ending uga_wp_footer_track: Start uga_shutdown Start uga_in_feed Ending uga_in_feed: Start uga_track_user Start uga_get_option: ignore_users uga_options: array ( 'internal_domains' => 'www.humacon.org,humacon.org', 'account_id' => 'UA-10399907-2', 'enable_tracker' => true, 'track_adm_pages' => false, 'ignore_users' => true, 'max_user_level' => '8', 'footer_hooked' => true, 'filter_content' => true, 'filter_comments' => true, 'filter_comment_authors' => true, 'track_ext_links' => true, 'prefix_ext_links' => '/outgoing/', 'track_files' => true, 'prefix_file_links' => '/downloads/', 'track_extensions' => 'gif,jpg,jpeg,bmp,png,pdf,mp3,wav,phps,zip,gz,tar,rar,jar,exe,pps,ppt,xls,doc', 'track_mail_links' => true, 'prefix_mail_links' => '/mailto/', 'debug' => true, 'check_updates' => true, 'version_sent' => '1.6.0', 'advanced_config' => true, ) Ending uga_get_option: ignore_users (1) Start uga_get_option: max_user_level uga_options: array ( 'internal_domains' => 'www.humacon.org,humacon.org', 'account_id' => 'UA-10399907-2', 'enable_tracker' => true, 'track_adm_pages' => false, 'ignore_users' => true, 'max_user_level' => '8', 'footer_hooked' => true, 'filter_content' => true, 'filter_comments' => true, 'filter_comment_authors' => true, 'track_ext_links' => true, 'prefix_ext_links' => '/outgoing/', 'track_files' => true, 'prefix_file_links' => '/downloads/', 'track_extensions' => 'gif,jpg,jpeg,bmp,png,pdf,mp3,wav,phps,zip,gz,tar,rar,jar,exe,pps,ppt,xls,doc', 'track_mail_links' => true, 'prefix_mail_links' => '/mailto/', 'debug' => true, 'check_updates' => true, 'version_sent' => '1.6.0', 'advanced_config' => true, ) Ending uga_get_option: max_user_level (8) Tracking user with level Ending uga_track_user: 1 Footer hook was executed Start uga_get_option: footer_hooked uga_options: array ( 'internal_domains' => 'www.humacon.org,humacon.org', 'account_id' => 'UA-10399907-2', 'enable_tracker' => true, 'track_adm_pages' => false, 'ignore_users' => true, 'max_user_level' => '8', 'footer_hooked' => true, 'filter_content' => true, 'filter_comments' => true, 'filter_comment_authors' => true, 'track_ext_links' => true, 'prefix_ext_links' => '/outgoing/', 'track_files' => true, 'prefix_file_links' => '/downloads/', 'track_extensions' => 'gif,jpg,jpeg,bmp,png,pdf,mp3,wav,phps,zip,gz,tar,rar,jar,exe,pps,ppt,xls,doc', 'track_mail_links' => true, 'prefix_mail_links' => '/mailto/', 'debug' => true, 'check_updates' => true, 'version_sent' => '1.6.0', 'advanced_config' => true, ) Ending uga_get_option: footer_hooked (1) Start uga_get_option: debug uga_options: array ( 'internal_domains' => 'www.humacon.org,humacon.org', 'account_id' => 'UA-10399907-2', 'enable_tracker' => true, 'track_adm_pages' => false, 'ignore_users' => true, 'max_user_level' => '8', 'footer_hooked' => true, 'filter_content' => true, 'filter_comments' => true, 'filter_comment_authors' => true, 'track_ext_links' => true, 'prefix_ext_links' => '/outgoing/', 'track_files' => true, 'prefix_file_links' => '/downloads/', 'track_extensions' => 'gif,jpg,jpeg,bmp,png,pdf,mp3,wav,phps,zip,gz,tar,rar,jar,exe,pps,ppt,xls,doc', 'track_mail_links' => true, 'prefix_mail_links' => '/mailto/', 'debug' => true, 'check_updates' => true, 'version_sent' => '1.6.0', 'advanced_config' => true, ) Ending uga_get_option: debug (1) -->